2. The skin which covers the tips of the fingers and thumbs is crossed by numerous ridges (隆 起)arranged in different patterns. This patterns are permanent from birth and remain exactly the same throughout a person's life, even when the skin becomes wrinkled and cracked as a result of old age. Such patterns are never passed on from parents to children, and no one in the world has the same patterns as anyone else. Even identical twins have different sets of fingerprints. As a result, fingerprints offer a most useful and foolproof way of identifying people. Any ridged part of the hand and the foot may be used as a means of identification, but finger impressions are usually preferred since they can be taken easily and quickly.
Fingerprints are classified in the ways: by general shapes and contours, by the finger positions of the pattern-types, and by size (often measured by counting the ridges in the loops). Every set of fingerprints has different “ridge characteristics”(i. e. the print of each separate finger is different from that of all the other fingers), which belong to one of four basic groups: arches, loops, whorls and composites. All fingerprints can then be divided into 1, 024 groups. By using details in the patterns above, these 1, 024 groups can be further divided into thousands of smaller groups, thus making it possible to find a particular see prints in a few minutes.
1. According to this passage, the true statement about human fingerprints is that ________.
A. people's fingerprints can be inherited
B. people's fingerprints are unique but identical twins may have the same fingerprints
C. using fingerprints is the only way to identify people
D. people's fingerprints will not change in all their lives
2. We prefer to use fingerprints to identify people because ________.
A. we can never find the same set of fingerprints among human beings
B. finger impressions can be taken easily and quickly
C. fingerprints offer a most useful and foolproof way of identifying people
D. all of the above
3. About the classification of fingerprints, which is TRUE? ________.
A. Fingerprints can be classified in three ways
B. All fingerprints can be divided into 1, 024 groups and can not be divided further
C. It is not easy to find a particular set of fingerprints in a short time
D. People can not classify the fingerprints in an effective way
4. The word“foolproof”(line 7, pare. 1) most probably means ________.
A. that is permanent
B. that is helpful
C. that is not foolish
D. that can not go wrong
5. The passage is most probably taken from an article entitled ________.
A. Permanent Fingerprints
B. Classification of Fingerprints
C. Ridge Characteristics
D. A Means of Identification
3. When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way doesn't live up to the manufacture's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty (保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up”the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuring he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear”is better than“This stereo(立体声音响) does not work. ”
1. The possible meaning of the phrase“live up to”(line 2, para. 1) may be ________.
A. to make up to consumers
B. to keep to the high standards of
C. to be the best compared with others
D. to stand for salesmen's benefits
2. If a consumer finds what she or he bought doesn't live up to the manufacture's claim for it, ________.
A. presenting the warranty is the only way to settle the problem
B. there are many ways for the consumer to gain satisfaction
C. the first thing to do is to threaten to take the matter to court
D. what she or he should do is to keep silent
3. If a consumer complain in person to the store manager，__________.
A. it's possible to settle the problem in the consumer's favour
B. the consumer can surely get the compensation
C. the salesgirl is surely scolded by the manager
D. the consumer is surely refused
4. The most effective complaint can be made ________.
A. in a firm and exaggerated way
B. by presenting specific information as to what is wrong
C. by making general statements
D. by complaining to the manager loudy and firmly
5. the main idea in this passage is about ________.
A. salesmen's strategies to satisfy consumers
B. consumers' strategies to get the most from the store
C. how to buy satisfactory goods
D. how to protect consumers' rights
四、单词拼写题
1. 投递;发表 vt. d_ _ _ _ _ _
2. 宗教 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. 保留 vt. r_ _ _ _ _ _
4. 秋天 n. a_ _ _ _ _
5. 安全的 a. s_ _ _
6. 诊断疾病 vt./vi. d__ __ __ __ __ __ __
7. 装修 v. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _
8. 超级市场 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9. 返回、回来 v. r_ _ _ _ _
10. 政党 n. p_ _ _ _
11. 同情、同情心 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _
12. 仁慈、宽容 n. m_ _ _ _
13. 污染 n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14. 最后的 a. u__ __ __ __ __ __ __
15. 十四 num. f_ _ _ _ _ _ _
16. 罪犯 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _
17. 灯 n. 1___
18. 探险 v. e_ _ _ _ _ _
19. 闪电 n. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
20. 文化、文明 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _
五、词形变换
1. If he accepts the job, he ________ (get) more money right away.
2. All this made him ________ (interest) in the history of philosophy.
3. Her works of art show a great deal of ________ (origin).
4. She suggested ________ (spend) another day in the mountain area.
5. When I saw her, she ________ (work) at the computer.
6. He is always the first______(answer)question.
7. These guidelines represent what a majority of people________(consider)acceptable.
8. The book is not so difficult as I ________ (expect).
9. This classroom is ______ (dirty) than the one we just left.
10. These social ________ (phenomenon) are so hard for us to understand.
六、汉译英题
1. 坐出租车吧，以免误了火车。
2. 买东西的人心底里总是暗自希望找到价值高而又便宜的东西。
3. 关于惊吓症发生的原因，现已有多种解释。
4. 不论你有多富有，也无法用金钱买到健康。
5. 就我而言，我不喜欢他做事的方式。
七、英译汉题
1. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order? Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. One example of organization is chunking. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467,13,63. Categorizing is another means of organization. Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of words: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat chair. Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk. Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.
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